Over eight Earth years, Venus traces a near-perfect pentagram in the sky relative to Earth — a beautiful consequence of their near 13:8 orbital resonance around the Sun. Venus completes 13 orbits in the time Earth completes 8, so the two planets return to nearly the same relative geometry every eight years. This synodic pattern, known since ancient Babylonian astronomy, is why Venus was associated with the pentagram in many cultures. The resonance is not exact — slight mismatches cause the pentagram to slowly rotate over centuries — but the five-fold symmetry is strikingly regular. The phenomenon requires no special forces beyond Newtonian gravity acting on two planets and the Sun.

Pentagram of Venus

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